Adding and subtracting mechanism



06L 9, 1945. 5, BRAND ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MECHANISM Filed June 17,1943 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. 5A MUEL 52A N0.

ATTORNEY.

Oct. 9, 1945; 5. BRAND 2 86, 5

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MECHANISM Filed June 17, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 mw R, 125 J 9 7 es4szi ou i mx4xsus 6/ I: I: IE I: It I: I: I: I:

84 I Mm 11:..Ul/ffit 61 u! INVENTOR.

SAMUEL ERA/v0.

A TTOR/VZK Patented Oct. 9, 1945 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MECHANISM SamuelBrand, Binghamton, N. Y., assignor to International Business MachinesCorporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application June1'1, 194;, Serial No. 491,135 9 Claims. (.01. 235-618) This inventionrelates to record controlled at:- counting machines and moreparticularly to machines controlled by records in which data arerecorded in the form of combinationa'lly arranged perforations.

The principal object of the invention is to provide control devicesthrough which combinational perforations in a record card may be sensedand caused to directly control a differentially positionableaccumulating mechanism to enter therein the true value of the digitscombinationally represented.

A further object of the invention is to provide control devices throughwhich such entries may be made subtractively.

To this end a novel system of recording has been devised utilizing onlyfive index point positions in a column of the well known Hollerithrecord card to combinationally record therein any of the digits.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a record card withrecording positions in columns thereof arranged to combinationallyreceive designations representative of the digits the arrangement beingsuch that the designations will directly control a differentiallyoperable accumulating mechanism.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an accumulatorthat will respond to peri'orations on successive record cards, some ofwhich cards are punched in accordance with the usual Hollerith decimalsystem of recording and others are punched in accordance with acomblnational code system of recording.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragment of the record card showing thenovel designatingposition arrangement which enables direct control of a decimalaccumulator.

Fig. 2 is an isometric view of the essential'elements of onedenominational order of a well known accumulator.

Fig.'2a is a detail of a special switch provided in the accumulator tocarry out the objects of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the circuit connection involved in carrying outthe invention.

Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of cam controlled contact devices of Fig. 3.

The card The novel card is shown in Fig. 1 and is divided into columnsdesignated by lines l0 and rows designated by lines H in the same manneras the well known Hollerith card. In such prior Hollerith card a digitis recorded in a column by making a perforation or mark in the indexpoint position corresponding to the value of the digit recorded.

According to the present invention only the index point positions 9, 8,l, 8 and 5 are employed, leaving the space in the uppe section of thecard above dotted line I! free to receive other data. The digits 9, 8,7, 6, and 5 are recorded in the card of Fig. 1 in exactly the samemanner as formerly and perforations representing these digits are shownin the first flve columns of the card. The digits 4, 3, 2 and 1 arerepresented by combinational perforations selected so that thedifference in value between the two index point positions perforated foreach of these digits representsthe value of the digit recorded. Thus a 4is represented by holes in the 9 and 5 positions, a 3 is represented byholes in the 8 and 5 positions, a 2 is represented by holes in the 'land 5 positiohs and a 1 is represented by holes in the 6 and 5positions. No perforation is made for zero. To represent a negativeamount the usual special hole i3 is made in the II index point positionof a predetermined card column as shown in Fig. l.

The reason for the selection of these particular combinations maybriefly be stated at this time and will be more apparent following thedetailed explanation of the mechanism involved. Taking the digit 4, forexample, the 9 hole of the combination for this digit will cause themechanism to initiate an operation to add 9 and the 5 hole will operatemechanism to terminate such adding operation five steps short ofcompletion so that the net result is the addition of 4.

As will be explained, cards in which all ten digit positions areutilized may be handled by the same mechanism that is controlled bycards having the combinational arrangement and in a series of cards fedsuccessively through the machine cards of both types may bepromiscuously arranged and both will cause the adding mechanism toalgebraically add the amounts represented.

The accumulator The accumulator represented in Fig. 2 is illustrated anddescribed in detail in the Lake and Daly Patent #1,9'I6,617, grantedOctober 9, 1934.

Its operation will be briefly explained 'and in doing so the referencecharacters used will be those of corresponding parts in the potentreferred. to, for ease or" comparison.

Shaft 69 rotates constantly and has slldably nlounted thereon but keyedfor rotation therew n, clutch element there being one for eachdenominational order position of the eccumula tor. Eminent ii isprovided with s groove in which fits the end of on arm E2 of lever l3which is pivoted at 1:3. The lever i3 is provided with a block '1 5normally held in position so shown in 2 by armature of adding magnet ll.leaf spring 18 bears against the extremity of lever 33 and moves -thesome counterclockwise ebout pivot l'd upon release of block '75 byarmature '15. This movement will bring clutching member ii intoengagement with cooperating teeth 38 integral with a gear 3!) looselymounted on shaft 89.

Gear 813, when thus coupled to shaft 58, will rotete gear 82 whichmeshes therewith and will displace the accumulator index wheel 33. The

' rearward extremity of lever 13 is adapted to be engaged by a finger 34carried on a. bar 85, toward the end of each cycle of the machine forthe purpose of disengaging clutch element II from teeth is andrelatchlng block E5 on arms.- ture I6.

The magnet ll may be energized at various points in the cycle of themachine, depending upon the location of a perforation in a. column of a.record card analyzed by the sensing brushes LB (Fig. 3). Thisenergization may take place in response'to a perforation in any 01 theindex point positions from 9 to 1 inclusive. A perforation in the 9position (Fig. 1) will trip the clutch element II nine steps beforefinger 84 is operated to declutch it, and a perforation in the Iposition will trip the clutch element II one step before it isdeclutched by finger 84. Each step of clutching engagement correspondsto a tenth of a. revolution'of the accumulator index wheel 83 so that a.9 hole will move it nine-tenths of a. revolution and a 1 hole will moveit one-tenth of a revolution.

For the purposes of the present invention, the leaf spring I8 (Fig. 2)is utilized as a. contact blade common to pairs of contacts 18a and 181)(see Fig. 211) formed by providing a. further blade on each side ofspring I8. With the parts in normal position as in Fig. 2, contacts 181:are closed and contacts 18b are open. Whenever magnet 11 is energizedand lever I3 shifted as a result, contacts 18a open and 18b close andthis relationship is maintained until lever I3 is re-- stored to itslatched position by finger 84 or by what is known as subtractingmechanism. This mechanism Is also described in the Patent 1,976,- 61?referred to so its operation will be but briefly explained at this time.

A shalt IIB (Fig. 2) is geared to make two revolutions for each machinecycle and secured to the shaft is a. clutch element I, one for eachdenominational order of the accumulator. Cooperating with element In isa. clutching dog Ill pivoted at II! to a. cam I20 freely mounted onshaft 6. Also freely mounted on the shaft is a triple armed member I2I,one of whose arms engages a pin I22 in the free end of dog H to hold thelatter out of engagement with the driving element III. Each of the arms0! member I2I is adapted to cooperate in turn with a pawl I23 which iscarried by clutch element I24 pivoted at I25.

A magnet armature I21 pivoted at I28 and having'a pin I29 in a.laterally extending arm thereessence of is adapted, upon energlzatlon ofmagnet I30 to rock awl I23 clockwise to release member I2I therebypermitting spring I3! to rock the element in a counterclockwisedirection through pin 4' i222 and at the same time permit the engagementof dog H3 with the driving clement ill. The com me will thus be drivenin a counterclockwise direction until the next arm of member I2! isengaged by pawl l23, which then causes disengagement of the clutch andinterruption 02 further movement of the com. The com lid is providedwith three notches I32 about its periphery into which a roller i38 risessuccessi ely. Upon the initial movement of cam in, the higher concentricportion of com I will depress roller 133 and with it slider I34 uponwhich the roller is pivoted. A pin IBM. extending horizontally fromroller I33 engages a. horizontal arm of element i to cause positiverestoration of clutching pawl I23 and armature l2I immediately after theclutching action. The lower extremity of slider I34 is provided with anotch into which the horizontal arm of a bell crank I37 is fitted. Thebell crank is pivoted at I38 and its depending arm lies 'adjacent to anedge of clutch lever I3 so that downward movement of slider I34 willcause the bell crank to engage and move lever I3 in a declutchingdirection at a time determined by the time of cnerglzation of magnetI30.

Briefly then the accumulator to be controlled by the record cards is thesome as that of Patent I 1,976,617 with the addition of contacts 18a and18b and the manner in which entries are-made therein will now beexplained with reference to the circuit diagram Fig. 3, in which UB andLB represent the usual sensing brushes past which the cards are fed insuccession.

Combination hole card Considering first the card of Fig. 1 wherein onlythe index point positions 0 to 5 are utilized and assuming a. column tocontain a 9 perforation, then when this 0 position is at the brushes LBa. circuit is traceable from right side of line 20I, through card levercontacts 09 (closed while the card is traversing brushes LB) circuitbreakers 6| (which make and break for each digit position of, the card,see Fig. 4) common contact roller 58, 9 hole in the card column, brushLB, a. plug connection 202, closed contacts 18a, clutch magnet, 11labelled In, to left side of line 200. As a. result the adding clutch ofFig. 2 is engaged and index wheel 83 commences to rotate and willcontinue to do so until it has made nine tenths 01 a. revolution whenthe mechanical knockout finger 34 (see Fig. 4) operates to effectdeclutching, leaving the wheel advanced nine steps from its initialstarting position. The same circuit is completed for each of the otherdigits 8, 7, 6, and 5 but at successively later times and the action asthus far explained is the same as in the prior machine.

Assuming now that the column sensed contains a pair of holesrepresenting the digit 4, a. circuit is completed through the 9 hole totrip the odd- Ing clutch in exactly the same manner as explalned above.When, however, the 5 hole arrives at the brushes, after four steps ofadvance have been made by the index wheel, a second circuit is completedtraceable from line "I, contacts '3, contacts 8|, roller 08, 5 hole Inthe card, brush LB, connection 202, contacts 10b (now closed) magnet I30labelled out, to line200. As a re- 75 sult, declutching takes placeafter the index wheel has made four steps leaving the wheel advancedfour steps from its initial starting position.

When the card contains an amount to be subtracted the i l hole I3(Fig. 1) is sensed by the upper brushes prior to the passage of the cardby the brushes LB and a circuit is completed from line 200, contactsLII, contact roller 55, hole II, brush UB, connection 203, contacts LIBv(closed at the 11 time) relay RI to line 201.

Relay RI closes its contacts Bid to establish a holding circuit fromline 200, contacts L25, Ria, relay RI to line "I which keeps the relayenergiaed (see Fig. 4) until the 9 position of the card has passed thebrushes LB. Contacts Rib of relay RI complete a circuit from line 200,contacts Lli, relay R2, contacts Rib to line Ziii to close a set ofcontacts R'Za at the time Just prior to the sensing of the 9 position bybrushes LB. At such time, closure of contacts L28 will send an impulsefrom line Ilii, contacts 59, contacts LIB, all contacts Rla in parallel,all contacts Ila and all In" magnets TI to line 200.

This initial impulse occurs one half step before the I position issensed and it will be observed from Fig. 2 that teeth I9 are spaced sothat clutching action may be effected within a range of almost a toothspace so that when the clutches are tripped a half step before.9 theindex wheel II will pick up at the same time as though the impulseoccurred at the 9 time.

The effect of this energization of the magnets 'II through contacts L28is to open all contacts Ila and close all contacts 181) before the 9position is sensed, so that if a 9 hole is now sensed the circuitcompleted therethrough will energize the Out magnet I30 to effectdeclutchlng before wheel 83 is advanced. An 8 hole will similarly effectdeclutching after the wheel has advanced one step, a '7 hole after twosteps, a 6 hole after three steps and a 5 hole after four steps to enterthe nines complement of the digit sensed.

In the case of the digits 4, 3, 2 and 1, the impulses derived from the9, 8, '7 and 6 holes of the respective combinations cause the wheels tobe declutched from their driving means after they have advanced 0, 1, 2and .3 steps respectively during the sensing of the positions 9 to 6 andas is apparent, the declutching action will have reclosed contacts 18aand opened contacts 18b before the 5 hole of these digit combinations issensed. Accordingly, when the 5 hole is sensed the circuit completedwill energize the n magnet to add five moresteps to the initial advancefollowing which the mechanical knockoff finger will declutch the wheelto effect an ultimate entry of the nines complement of the digits 4, 3,2and l.

The usual tens carrydevices provided between successive denominationalorders of the accumulator are not shown and the usual elusive one isalso omitted from the disclosure for the sake of simplicity as suchdevices are well known.

The standard card It will be apparent from the foregoing that cards inwhich the digits are represented by single holes in related positionswill energize maghas advanced an amount proportional to the ninescomplement.

An algebraic accumulating system is thus provided in which cards havingtwo different systems of digit recording may be sensed in random orderby, the sensing brushes of the machine and each will correctly enterinto the same accumu lator the data represented therein as single orcombinational hole perforations, so that the same machine may beutilized for handling either or both types of cards.

While there have been shown and described and pointed out thefundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a singlemodiflca= tion, it will be understood that various omissions andsubstitutions and changes in the form and details of the deviceillustrated and in its oper" ation may be made by those skilled in theart without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is theintention therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of thefollowing claims.

. What is claimed is:

i. In a machine of the class described, means for sensing a record card,said card having a column of index point positions, one for each of thedigits 9, 8, '7, 6, and 5, in which positions signiflcant digits arerepresented by designations made in corresponding positions or in a pairof positions whose difference equals the digit to be designated, saidsensing means sensing the index point positions in the order named, anaccumu lating element, driving means therefor, an adding clutchmechanism for coupling said element to the driving means at differentialtimes, a iii'si declutching means for uncoupling said element atdifferential times, a second declutching means for uncoupling saidelement at a fixed point in the rotation of the driving means, meanscontrolled by said sensing means upon sensin the first designation inthe column for causing operation of said adding clutch mechanism, andmeans controlled jointly by said sensing means and said adding clutchmechanism, upon sensing a second designation, for causing operation ofsaid first declutching means.

2. In a machine of the class described, means for sensing a record card,said card having a column of index point positions, one for each of thedigits 9, 8, '7, 6, and 5, in which positions significant digits arerepresented by designations made in corresponding positions or in a pairof lating element, means controlled bysaid sensing means upon sensingthe first designation in the card column for initiating advance of saidelement, means normally effective for interrupting said advance afterthe element has advanced an amount proportional to the value of thedesignation controlling said initiation, means controlled jointly bysaid sensing means and said initiating means upon sensing a seconddesignation for interrupting said advance before the operation of saidnormally effective means, whereby the element will be advanced an amountproportional to the difference of the values of the pair of designationssensed.

3. In an adding machine, a sensing device for successively sensing aplurality of perforations in a record card column, an accumulatingelement, a first magnet, means controlled thereby for 'causing additiverotation of said element, a secing interruption of rotation of theelement, means normally connecting said first magnet to said sensingdevice for control thereby upon sensing the first perforation and meanseffective upon energization of said first magnet for causing saidconnecting means .to connect the second magnet to said sensing devicefor control thereby so that the second magnet will be energized uponsensing a second perforation, whereby the amount of rotation of saidelement will be deterof the first and second perforations in the cardcolumn.

4. In an adding machine, a sensing device for successively sensing aplurality of perforations in a record card column, an accumulatorelement. a first magnet, means controlled thereby for controllingadditive rotation of said element, a second magnet, means controlledthereby for causing interruption of rotation of the element, means forenergizing said first magnet prior to the sensing of said plurality ofperforations,

means effective upon energization of said first magnet for connectingsaid second magnet to said sensing device for control thereby so thatsaid through said switching device upon sensing the first perforationfor causing operation of said connecting control device, and meanscontrolled by said connecting control device for operating mined by thetime interval between the sensing A second magnet will be energized uponsensing the first perforation in the card column, said connecting meansbeing controlled by said second magnet for causing the first magnet tobe connected to the sensing device for control thereby so that saidfirst magnet will be energized upon sensing a second perforation in thecard column, and means for interrupting rotation of the e1e=- ment atpredetermined period after both perforations have been sensed.

5. In a machine responsive to a record having a column of index pointpositions, a sensing element for successively sensing a plurality ofdigit representing perforations in a column, an accumulating element,normally disconnected driving means therefor, connecting means betweenthe accumulating element and the driving means, a connecting controldevice and a disconnecting control device for said connecting means, a

, switching device intermediate said sensing element and said connectingand disconnecting con-. trol devices, normally connecting the sensingelement with the connecting control'device, means controlled by thesensing element through said switching device upon sensing the firstperforation for causing operation of said connecting control device. andmeans controlled by said connecting control device for operating saidswitching device to disconnect the connecting control means from thesensing element and connect the disconnecting control device to thesensing element for control thereby upon the sensing of a secondperforation, whereby said accumulating element is advanced an amountdetermined by the period between the sensing of the first and secondperforations.

6. In a machine responsive to a record having a column of index pointpositions, a sensing element for successively sensing a plurality ofdigit representing perforations in a column, a numeral wheel, normallydisconnected driving means said switching device to disconnect theconnecting control means from the sensing element and connect thedisconnecting control device to the sensing element for control therebyupon the sensing of a second perforation, whereby said numeral wheel isadvanced an amount determined by the period between the sensing of thefirst and second perforations.

7. In an adding machine having an adding wheel, an adding clutchmechanism, a differentially operable clutch knockout mechanism, anddriving means, in combination with means for successively sensing aplurality of digit representing perforations in a record card column, aswitch operated by said mechanisms to connect the sensing means toeither mechanism, operation of either mechanism by said sensing meanscausing the device to disconnect said mechanism from the sensing meansand connect the other mechanism to the sensing means for operation,whereby said mechanisms will be alternately operated by the sensingmeans in response to the sensing of successive perforations.

8. In a machine of the class described, means for sensing a record card,said card having a column of index point positions, one for each of thedigits, in which positions significant digits are represented by asingle designation made in the corresponding index point position, inaccordance with one system of recording or in which column the digits 9,8, 7, 6 and 5 are represented by asingle designation made in thecorresponding index point position and the digits 4, 3, 2 and l are madein a pair of positions whose difference equals the digit recorded, saidsensing means sensing the positions in the order named, an accumulatingelement, driving means therefor, an adding clutch mechanism for couplingsaid element to the driving means at differential times, a firstdeclutching means for uncoupling said element at differential times, asecond declutching means for uncoupling said element atafixed point inthe rotation of the driving means, means controlled by said sensingmeans upon sensing the first designation in the column for causingoperation of said adding clutch mechanism, and means controlled by saidsensing means and said adding clutch mechanism, upon sensing a seconddesignation for causing operation of said first declutchingmeans.

9. In an adding machine having an adding wheel, an adding clutchmechanism, a clutch knockout mechanism and driving means, in combinationwith a differentially operable knockout mechanism. means for sensing aspecial designation in a card, means for successively sensing aplurality of digit representing perforations in a column of the card,both said sensing means being positioned to sense the card in turn,means controlled by the first named sensing means for causing operationof said adding clutch mechanism, means controlled by the second namedsensing means and said adding clutch mechanism upon sensing a firstperforation, for operating said differentially operable clutch knockoutmechanism, and further means controlled by the second named sensingmeans and said adding clutch mechanism upon sensing a secondperforation, for operating said adding clutch mechanism.

SAMUEL BRAND.

